This is a routine surgery done to close holes present in the upper chambers of the heart. These holes are usually the result of a congenital heart defect, which can cause blood from the arteries and veins to mix. While it is not always fatal, the holes can cause a drop in heart function, which is why surgery is always recommended.
Stenting
Stenting is a minimally invasive procedure that is done to place a mesh coil/tube inside a blood vessel. Stents are placed to avoid narrowing of the blood vessels, usually done after removing cholesterol/fat from the area. The placing of a stent widens the artery or vein, allowing more blood to flow through the vessel, improving circulation in the body.
Coronary Angioplasty
This surgical procedure is done to remove cholesterol or fat that is clogging a blood vessel. This buildup (known as atherosclerosis) can cause decreased blood and oxygen flow, which can impact the functioning of the heart in the long term. Angioplasty is usually followed by stenting, to ensure maximum benefit.
Cardiac catheterization
This minimally invasive procedure involves guiding a thin tube (catheter) through the blood vessels into the heart. Doctors may perform a catheterization to identify blockages in blood vessels, remove a piece of heart tissue for examination (biopsy), or measure pressure and oxygen levels in different parts of the heart. Catheterization is also done as a part of other procedures such as angioplasty, cardiac ablation, or heart valve surgery.